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Medientyp:
Buch
Titel:
Living in groups
Enthält:
The benefits of group formation -- Anti-predator vigilance -- The classical many-eyes theory -- How individual vigilance works -- Information transfer between individuals -- Some unanswered questions on group vigilance -- Dilution of risk -- Avoidance, dilution, and abatement -- Predator swamping -- The Selfish herd -- Defence against parasites -- Predator confusion -- Theory -- Empirical support for theoretical predictions -- Cognitive limitations -- Communal defence against predators -- Predator learning -- Foraging benefits to grouping -- Benefits for predators -- Finding food -- Finding a mate -- Conserving heat and water -- Reducing the energetic costs of movement -- Movement in water -- Movement in air -- Some costs to grouping -- Increased attack rate on larger groups -- Foraging in a group -- Kleptoparasitism -- Aggression more generally -- Pseudo-interference -- Shadow interference of sit and wait predators -- Just getting in each other's way -- Prey response to detected predators -- A note on generality -- Increased parasite burdens -- Misdirected parental care -- Cuckoldry -- Brood parasitism and adoption -- The size of a group -- Combining costs and benefits of grouping -- An illustrative example -- The shape of the fitness function -- Are optimal group sizes likely to be seen in nature? -- An argument why groups should be larger than optimal -- Refinements of the argument -- The role of relatedness -- The influence of competition -- The effect of dominance hierarchies.
The benefits of group formation -- Anti-predator vigilance -- The classical many-eyes theory -- How individual vigilance works -- Information transfer between individuals -- Some unanswered questions on group vigilance -- Dilution of risk -- Avoidance, dilution, and abatement -- Predator swamping -- The Selfish herd -- Defence against parasites -- Predator confusion -- Theory -- Empirical support for theoretical predictions -- Cognitive limitations -- Communal defence against predators -- Predator learning -- Foraging benefits to grouping -- Benefits for predators -- Finding food -- Finding a mate -- Conserving heat and water -- Reducing the energetic costs of movement -- Movement in water -- Movement in air -- Some costs to grouping -- Increased attack rate on larger groups -- Foraging in a group -- Kleptoparasitism -- Aggression more generally -- Pseudo-interference -- Shadow interference of sit and wait predators -- Just getting in each other's way -- Prey response to detected predators -- A note on generality -- Increased parasite burdens -- Misdirected parental care -- Cuckoldry -- Brood parasitism and adoption -- The size of a group -- Combining costs and benefits of grouping -- An illustrative example -- The shape of the fitness function -- Are optimal group sizes likely to be seen in nature? -- An argument why groups should be larger than optimal -- Refinements of the argument -- The role of relatedness -- The influence of competition -- The effect of dominance hierarchies.